Ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-valve okushisa aphezulu

Ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kokupakishwa kwama-valve okushisa aphezulu Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo levalvu ngu-425 ~ 550℃ izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ⅰ grade (okubhekiselwa kulo njengebanga le-PI). Into eyinhloko ye-valve yesigaba se-PI "izinga lokushisa eliphezulu Ⅰ medium carbon chromium nickel ezingavamile umhlaba titanium izinga lokushisa ukumelana nokushisa" in ASTMA351 standard CF8 njengesisekelo. Njengoba ibanga le-PI kuyitemu elithile, umqondo wensimbi engenasici (P) yokushisa ephezulu ufakiwe lapha. Ngakho-ke, uma indawo yokusebenza ingamanzi noma isitimu, nakuba itholakala futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lensimbi WC6(t≤540℃) noma WC9(t≤570℃), emafutheni esibabule, nakuba itholakala futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lensimbi C5(ZG1Cr5Mo), kodwa lapha. ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-PI grade. Ucwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-valve yokupakisha yokushisa ephezulu iwumkhiqizo ojwayelekile wemishini embonini yesimanje. Njengengxenye yokulawula eyinhloko ohlelweni lokudlulisa uketshezi, isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kubhayela, ipayipi lesitimu, ukucwenga uwoyela, imboni yamakhemikhali, umlilo kanye nensimbi, ngenxa yokunqanyulwa kwayo, ukulawulwa, ukulawulwa kwengcindezi, ukushunqa neminye imisebenzi. Imboni yesimanje ibeke phambili izidingo eziphakeme neziphakeme zokuthembeka kwe-valve seal. Ukusebenza kokubeka uphawu kuyinkomba ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe yokuhlola ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo yamavalvu. I-valve yokushisa ephezulu ibhekisela ku-valve okushisa kwayo okusebenzayo kungaphezu kuka-250 ℃. Ubuchwepheshe bokufaka uphawu lokugcwalisa kwesiqu se-valve yokushisa okuphezulu kube yinkinga evelele engakaze ixazululwe iminyaka eminingi, futhi ingenye yezixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka zokuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kwe-valve. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elivamile le-valve yesiqu sokupakisha uphawu ngokuvamile likhona elinganele noma uphawu oludlulele, isiqu se-valve ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kulula ukuvuza, ukuvuza kwezinto ezivuthayo, eziqhumayo, ezinobuthi nezinye eziyingozi hhayi nje ukuvalwa kwezitshalo nokulahlekelwa kwezomnotho, kodwa futhi kubangele ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kanye nezingozi zokulimala kwabasebenzi, ukuze idivayisi iqhube izingozi ezinkulu. Okokuqala, isimiso se-valve yokupakisha uphawu Ukusebenza kokuvala i-valve kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokuhlola ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwe-valve. Manje iningi le-valve yokulawula noma isiqu se-valve jikelele kanye nokupakisha uphawu lokufaka uphawu lokuxhumana, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilula, ukuhlanganisa okulula nokushintshwa, izindleko eziphansi futhi zisetshenziswa. Isiqu se-valve nokuvuza kokupakisha kuyinto evamile. Isizathu sokuthi kungani ukupakisha kungadlala indima yokubeka uphawu, umgomo wayo manje kunemibono emibili eyinhloko yokubeka uphawu, ngokulandelanayo eveza umphumela kanye nomphumela we-maze. Umphumela wokupakisha ubhekisela ekupakisheni phakathi kokugcwalisa kanye nesiqu, ukupakisha ukupakisha futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lokuthambisa kwangaphandle, ngenxa yokushuba kwendawo yokuxhumana yesiqu ukuze kwakhiwe ungqimba lwe-membrane ye-liquid, ukwenza ukupakisha kanye nesiqu kufane nalokho i-sliding bear, ubudlelwano phakathi kokupakishwa okunjalo nesiqu ngeke ngenxa yokungqubuzana nokuguga okudlulele, ngoba ifilimu yoketshezi ikhona ngesikhathi esifanayo, isikhathi sokupakisha kanye nesiqu se-valve esimweni esivaliwe. I-Labyrinth Packing effect ibhekisela ezingeni elibushelelezi le-stem ayikwazi ukufinyelela ezingeni elincane, ukupakisha kanye nesiqu se-valve sihlangene ingxenye kuphela futhi asilingani ngokugcwele, ukupakisha futhi njalo kukhona igebe elincane kakhulu phakathi kwe-valve stem, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ye-asymmetry yokusika phakathi kokupakisha, lezi zikhala zenze i-maze ehlangene, ephakathi, lapho ukudonsa okuningi, ukwehla, nokufinyelela indima yokuvala. Umphumela we-labyrinth ubhekisela ku-valve stem packing seal surface level degree ayikwazi ukufinyelela ezingeni elincane, igebe elincane phakathi kwesiqu nokupakisha lokhu kuwukuphila okunenjongo, akukwazi ukuqeda, uma kulokhu kuqhubekela phambili umklamo wokupakisha, ngokuvamile umphumela awukho. kuhle kakhulu, okubangela izimo eziyisisekelo zokuvuza kwesikhala noma ukuvuza kwamandla. Ukuvala imidiya ngokupakisha kanye nendlela yokuvuza kwe-stem kunezinhlobo eziningi: indlela yokuvuza kwegebe lokugqwala, indlela yokuvuza okunezimbotshana, indlela yokuvuza kwamandla, njll. Kuleli phepha, ukwakhiwa kokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo se-valve yokupakisha uphawu ngaphansi kwesimo sokushisa okuphezulu sisekelwe kulokhu okuhlukahlukene okukhulunywe ngenhla okungenhla. izindlela zokuvuza, kanye nohlelo lokuthuthukisa olusebenzayo luyabekwa phambili. Okwesibili, uhlobo lwamanje lokupakisha oluvamile kanye nesicelo 1, impande ye-teflon pan impande ye-Polytetrafluoroethylene pan impande yenziwe nge-POLYTETRAFluOROethylene ehlanzekile I-DISPERsing resin njengento eluhlaza, okokuqala eyenziwe ngefilimu yezinto ezibonakalayo, bese kuthi ngokusonta, iluke ibe impande eqinile yepani. Lolu hlobo lwempande yedisk ngaphandle kwezinye izithasiselo, lungasetshenziswa ekudleni, kwezemithi, ekwenzeni amaphepha efiber yamakhemikhali kanye nezinye izidingo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, futhi libe nendawo eqinile yokugqwala ku-valve, iphampu. Ububanzi bokusebenza: Sebenzisa izinga lokushisa lingabi ngaphezu kuka-260℃, sebenzisa ukucindezela okungeqile ku-20MPa, inani le-pH: 0-14. 2, impande ye-graphite disc enwetshiwe Enwetshiwe impande ye-graphite disc yaziwa nangokuthi impande ye-graphite disc eguquguqukayo isebenzisa ucingo oluguquguqukayo lwegraphite olulukwe enhliziyweni. Impande ye-graphite disc enwetshiwe inezinzuzo zokuzithambisa okuhle kanye nokuhanjiswa okushisayo, i-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana, ukuguquguquka okunamandla, ukuthambile okuhle, amandla aphezulu, nomthelela wokuvikela ku-shaft nenduku. Ububanzi bokusebenza: Sebenzisa izinga lokushisa lingabi ngaphezu kuka-600℃, sebenzisa ukucindezela okungengaphezu kuka-20MPa, inani le-pH: 0-14. 3. Umsuka wekhoyili we-graphite othuthukisiwe Ikhoyili ye-graphite ethuthukisiwe elukwa nge-fiber yengilazi, intambo yethusi, intambo yensimbi engagqwali, i-nickel wire, i-caustic nickel alloy wire nezinye izinto eziqiniswa ngocingo oluhlanzekile olunwetshiwe lwegraphite. Ngezici ze-graphite enwetshiwe, nokuguquguquka okunamandla, ukuthamba okuhle, amandla aphezulu. Kuhlanganiswe nezimpande eziboshiwe ezijwayelekile, kungenye yezinto ezisebenzayo zokuvala ukuxazulula inkinga yokushisa okuphezulu nokufaka uphawu lokucindezela okukhulu. Ububanzi bokusebenza: Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo alikho ngaphezu kuka-550 ℃, ingcindezi yokusebenza engeqi ku-32MPa, inani le-pH: 0-14. I-disc root inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yempande ye-graphite disc enwetshiwe, into enhle kakhulu yokuvala uphawu. Okungenhla kuklelisa izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezijwayelekile zokupakisha impande yediski. Enqubweni yangempela yokukhiqiza, kuzoba nezinye izinhlobo zokupakisha impande yediski ezenzelwe izimo zokusebenza ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, ukumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali kwezimpande zekhoyili ye-aramid fiber; Ifanele impande yekhoyili exubile yokulayisha i-arylon carbon fiber, njll., leli phepha lilinganiselwe esikhaleni, hhayi isingeniso esinemininingwane. Okwesithathu, ukupakishwa kwe-valve ejwayelekile kanye nokukhetha Isakhiwo esivamile sokupakisha uphawu lokupakisha ikakhulukazi sakhiwe ipuleti lokucindezela, indlala, i-spacer kanye nokupakisha. Ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle wokuvala uphawu, ukupakisha ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kube nesakhiwo esiminyene, ukuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali, i-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-200 ℃, isigcwalisi sivame ukukhethwa i-polytetrafluoron disc impande, enezici zokugcotshwa okuphezulu, i-non-viscosity, ukufakwa kukagesi nokumelana nokuguga okuhle, futhi isetshenziswa ku-petroleum, amakhemikhali, ekhemisi nokunye. amasimu. I-graphite disc impande ikhethiwe ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuzigcoba kanye ne-coefficient ephansi ye-friction emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-200 kuya ku-450. izimo zokusebenza zangempela zohlobo olufanele lwe-graphite disc, njenge-250 ℃, izimo zengcindezi ephansi zingakhetha i-graphite disc enwetshiwe, i-medium and high pressure ingakhetha i-graphite disc ethuthukisiwe noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Okune, ukupakishwa kwe-valve yesakhiwo sokushisa okuphezulu ukuhlaziywa kokuvuza Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu, njengokukhethwa kwesakhiwo se-graphite disc root seal, kulula ukuvela ukuvuza. Izizathu zimi kanje: I-graphite disc impande ifakwe ebhokisini lokupakisha, futhi ukucindezela kwe-axial ekupakisheni kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisa i-bolt yokubopha ku-gland yokupakisha. Ngenxa yokuthi ukupakisha kunezinga elithile le-plasticity, ingcindezi ye-axial ngemva kokucindezela kwe-radial kanye ne-micro deformation, imbobo yangaphakathi ne-stem ilingana ngokuseduze, kodwa lokhu kufaneleka akufani phezulu naphansi. Ngokusho kokusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi yokupakisha kanye namandla okufaka uphawu, kungabonakala ukuthi ukucindezela kokupakisha okuphezulu kanye nokupakisha okuphansi ebhokisini lokupakisha akufani. I-deformation yepulasitiki yezingxenye ezimbili zokupakisha ayihambisani ngokuqondile, futhi kulula ukuba nokubekwa uphawu ngokweqile noma okwanele phakathi kokupakisha kanye nesiqu se-valve. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukungqubuzana phakathi kokupakisha kanye nesiqu se-valve kuyoba kakhulu lapho amandla okucindezela ama-radial eduze ne-gland maningi, futhi isiqu se-valve nokupakisha kulula ukukugqoka lapha. Endabeni yokushisa okuphezulu, izinga lokushisa liphezulu, ukwanda okukhulu kwe-graphite disc impande, ukungqubuzana kuyanda, ukuchithwa kokushisa okubangelwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu akukafiki ngesikhathi, ukusheshisa izinga lokugqoka kwesiqu nokupakisha, okubuye kube okuyinhloko. isizathu sokuvuza kokupakisha kwe-valve yokushisa okuphezulu. Ezinhlanu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokupakisha ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokwakhiwa kwe-valve Ukupakishwa kwe-Valve ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme kujwayele ukuvuza, futhi ukupakishwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngokuvamile kusekelwe ku-graphite disc enwetshiwe. I-self-lubricity kanye nokuvuvukala kokupakishwa kwe-graphite okunwetshiwe kuhle, i-coefficient ye-rebound iphezulu, kodwa ubungozi buntekenteke, ukumelana ne-shear okungekuhle, ngokuvamile kufakwe engxenyeni emaphakathi yebhokisi lokupakisha, ukuvimbela ukwanda kokupakishwa kwegraphite ngokupakisha indlala. kanye nomonakalo ophansi we-pad extrusion; I-graphite disc root ethuthukisiwe ingafakwa phezulu naphansi ngoba iqukethe i-nickel wire futhi iqinile futhi imelana ne-extrusion. Nakuba inhlanganisela ye-graphite eyandisiwe kanye ne-graphite disc ethuthukisiwe ixazulula ingxenye yokuvuza kokupakisha ekushiseni okuphezulu. Kodwa ngenxa yesenzo se-valve yizimo zokusebenza ezivamile, izinga lokugqoka izimpande ze-graphite liphakeme kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esithile ngemva kwesidingo sokuqinisa amabhawodi okubopha ebhokisini lokugxusha, ngoba ibhukwana nokuhlola kulethe inkinga enkulu. Ngokusekelwe ekucatshangelweni kwenkinga engenhla, sihlangene nezincwadi zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe kanye nesipiliyoni esiqoqwe eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo sokupakisha i-valve esinxephezelayo, ikakhulukazi izimo zokusebenza ezihlukene, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okuphansi kanye nokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu, ukuthuthukiswa okuhlosiwe kwesakhiwo sokupakisha sokushisa okuphezulu okuhlosiwe, ukuxazulula i-valve ngaphansi kwesimo sokushisa okuphezulu ukuvuza okulula. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nohlobo lwengcindezi ephansi, kusetshenziswa isiphethu sendandatho esiyisinxephezelo esikhethekile kanye nenhlanganisela yempande ye-graphite disc ehlanganisiwe. Ingcindezi yokusebenza ayiphezulu, ngakho-ke umkhono wokupakisha ukhanseliwe. Indandatho yesinxephezelo ekhethekile yengezwa phansi kwebhokisi lokugxusha. Lapho ufaka, amabhawodi adinga ukuqiniswa ngokulayisha kuqala okuthile. Ngisho noma ukupakishwa kwegraphite nesiqu kubonakala kugugile, isiphethu seringi singenza ngokushesha ukulungisa okuhambisanayo okuyisinxephezelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvuza kwevalvu. Thayipha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okukhulu, lolu uhlobo lwesistimu yokupakisha ethuthukisiwe, yamukela i-disc spring kanye ne-cast spring yangaphandle yesinxephezelo isakhiwo esiphindwe kabili, ingagwema inzuzo yokushisa okuphezulu okukhubaza intwasahlobo, lolu hlobo lwesimo, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni okuphezulu, ukucindezela okukhulu. ukwehluleka kwephuzu lesinxephezelo endaweni eyodwa, elinye iqembu lesinxephezelo lisasebenza, kokubili ukungaphazamisi, isinxephezelo esisodwa kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo sokupakisha umsebenzi. I-disc spring seal nayo isiza ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima zangaphandle, futhi isakhiwo sangaphandle samaphuzu amabili esinxephezelo sisiza ukushintshwa ngaphandle kokukhipha lonke ibhokisi lokugxusha, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kalula. Ngemuva kokulandelela isikhathi eside komsebenzisi, lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo sokupakisha sokushisa okuphezulu, ukucindezelwa kwesiqu sokucindezela okuphezulu ukuvimbela umphumela wokuvuza kusobala, impilo ende yesevisi.